Vaginal inflammation is referred to as vaginitis. Infection is the most prevalent cause in premenopausal women. Low estrogen levels after menopause can result in vaginal atrophy (atrophic vaginitis). An allergic reaction to an irritating substance, such as a spermicide, douche, or bath soap, can also cause vaginitis.
One of three diseases causes almost all infectious vaginitis:
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of an abnormal vaginal discharge or an unpleasant vaginal odour, and it is caused by a shift in the kind of bacteria that typically dwell in the vagina. Other bacteria, such as Prevotella, Mobiluncus, G. vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis, replace typical Lactobacillus bacteria in bacterial vaginosis. The rationale for this modification is unknown. Bacterial vaginosis can raise the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.
Candida albicans, often known as vaginal yeast infections, is the most common cause of vaginal infections. 75 per cent of all women will have at least one Candida vaginal infection in their lives, and up to 45 per cent will have two or more. If a woman's body is stressed from a bad diet, lack of sleep, or sickness, or if she is pregnant, using antibiotics or birth control pills, or douching too frequently, she is more likely to get vaginal yeast infections. Recurrent yeast infections are more common in women who have diabetes or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Trichomonas vaginitis, commonly known as trichomoniasis, is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a tiny one-celled organism. In women, Trichomonas causes inflammation of the vaginal canal, cervix, and urethra. Trichomonas infections can potentially raise the risk of early rupture of the membranes and preterm birth in pregnant women.
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