New research suggests that consuming more foods rich in magnesium could improve brain health, particularly in women. The study, published in the European Journal of Nutrition, involved over 6,000 adults aged 40 to 73 in the UK. Participants completed an online survey multiple times over 16 months, which allowed researchers to calculate their average daily magnesium intake based on their consumption of various magnesium-rich foods such as leafy greens, legumes, seeds, nuts, and whole grains. MRI imaging was used to measure participants' brain volumes. The findings revealed that individuals who consumed more than 550 milligrams of magnesium per day had larger brain volumes, equivalent to a brain age approximately one year younger by the age of 55, compared to those who consumed about 350 milligrams of magnesium daily. These effects were more pronounced in women compared to men. The researchers noted that less age-related brain shrinkage is associated with better brain function and a reduced risk of dementia in the future
Based on data collected over nearly five decades, a new study highlights the connection between heart health and brain function.
As we age, our bodies and brains naturally become less agile. Experiencing occasional forgetfulness or taking longer to remember names or events is a normal part of the aging process. However, in some cases, cognitive decline can occur at a faster rate. Recent research suggests that individuals who have experienced a heart attack may be more prone to accelerated cognitive decline (refer to "Cognitive changes after a heart attack").
Cognitive abilities, such as reasoning and memory, can be assessed through various methods. The study in question focused on overall cognition, which includes learning, processing speed, and executive function (the ability to carry out mental tasks like planning and remembering instructions). Immediately following a heart attack, survivors did not display any noticeable cognitive changes. However, over the subsequent years, they exhibited a persistent and accelerated decline in overall cognition compared to those who hadn't experienced heart attacks. According to the researchers, this decline was equivalent to approximately six to thirteen years of normal cognitive aging.
The study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the causes of cognitive issues and explore potential prevention strategies. To achieve this, researchers analyzed data from six large studies conducted in the United States over the past five decades. The key findings, published in the July 2023 edition of JAMA Neurology, are summarized below.
Participants: 30,465 adults without a history of heart attack, stroke, or dementia. Of these, 56% were women, 29% were Black, and 8% were Hispanic.
Study Duration: The studies were conducted between 1971 and 2019.
Occurrences: During the follow-up periods, which ranged from around five to twenty years, 1,033 individuals experienced a heart attack, with 137 of them having two heart attacks. All participants underwent at least one cognitive assessment, and those who had a heart attack received assessments both before and after the event.
Key Findings: Cognitive changes were not immediately apparent after a heart attack. However, heart attack survivors experienced a decline in cognitive ability at a faster rate than normal in the subsequent years.
Bariatric procedures are now seen as both a preventive and therapeutic measure for addressing the serious health issues associated with obesity. A shining example is a woman who underwent weight-loss surgery just six months ago and has already experienced remarkable changes. She has shed numerous pounds, not only reducing her weight but also diminishing the risk of life-threatening health complications. Accompanied by a newfound confidence, she even achieved a coveted career promotion.
In the past, weight-loss surgery, also known as bariatric or metabolic surgery, was considered a last resort for individuals with over a hundred pounds of excess weight. However, the perception has shifted, and both medical professionals and patients now view it as a proactive tool to prevent the development of health problems linked to severe obesity, such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea.
Obesity is recognized as a medical condition that warrants effective treatment, and weight-loss surgery is one of the options available. While over 70% of Americans struggle with overweight or obesity, bariatric surgery is specifically aimed at those who are morbidly obese, typically with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher. It may also be considered for individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher who have weight-related health issues like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or sleep apnea.
For these individuals, weight-loss surgery can provide a means to shed significant weight when conventional methods like diets, exercise, medications, or other treatments have failed to yield results. However, it is essential to understand that surgery alone is not a magical solution but rather a supportive measure. Patients must make comprehensive changes to their approach to food and fitness for the best outcomes.
Most weight-loss surgeries utilize minimally invasive techniques, involving small incisions in the abdomen through which specialized tools are inserted. These procedures typically involve reducing the size of the stomach and altering the absorption of nutrients. Popular versions of the surgery include sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, with the latter involving more extensive modifications to internal organs to affect digestion and regulate hunger hormones. Some individuals may be suitable candidates for gastric banding, which places an inflatable tube around the stomach to limit its capacity.
The benefits of weight-loss surgery extend far beyond shedding pounds. Over 250,000 Americans, predominantly women, undergo such procedures annually, and this number continues to rise. According to the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, these surgeries can reduce an obese person's risk of premature death by up to 50%. Few medications or lifestyle changes can match the long-lasting impact on health achieved through surgery.
Step 1: Start with the Wide End and Narrow End
Begin by draping the tie around your neck, with the wide end on your right side and the narrow end on your left side. Make sure the wide end is longer than the narrow end, typically hanging about 12 inches below the narrow end.
Step 2: Cross the Wide End Over the Narrow End
Take the wide end of the tie and cross it over the narrow end, forming an "X" at the collar of your shirt. Hold the point where they intersect firmly with your non-dominant hand.
Step 3: Bring the Wide End Up and Through
With the wide end still in your dominant hand, bring it up and pass it through the loop formed by the "X" at the collar. Hold the emerging wide end with your non-dominant hand to maintain control.
Step 4: Cross the Wide End Behind the Narrow End
Now, cross the wide end behind the narrow end, moving from right to left. This will create a horizontal loop in front of the knot.
Step 5: Bring the Wide End Up and Through Again
Take the wide end and bring it up and through the horizontal loop you just created in Step 4. Ensure that the wide end emerges from the loop pointing towards your chin.
Step 6: Thread the Wide End Through the Knot
Gently thread the wide end down through the knot you've formed in the previous step. Use your non-dominant hand to guide the wide end through smoothly, maintaining control over the emerging knot.
With the wide end still in your dominant hand, bring it up and pass it through the loop formed by the "X" at the collar. Hold the emerging wide end with your non-dominant hand to maintain control.
Step 4: Cross the Wide End Behind the Narrow End
Now, cross the wide end behind the narrow end, moving from right to left. This will create a horizontal loop in front of the knot.
Step 5: Bring the Wide End Up and Through Again
Take the wide end and bring it up and through the horizontal loop you just created in Step 4. Ensure that the wide end emerges from the loop pointing towards your chin.
Step 6: Thread the Wide End Through the Knot
Gently thread the wide end down through the knot you've formed in the previous step. Use your non-dominant hand to guide the wide end through smoothly, maintaining control over the emerging knot.
Similar brain changes are observed in individuals with obesity and those with Alzheimer's disease, according to a recent analysis. The study, published on January 31, 2023, in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, involved a review of brain scans from over 1,300 participants. Among them were 341 individuals with Alzheimer's, 341 individuals with obesity, and 682 individuals without either condition. The scans revealed comparable thinning in brain regions associated with learning, memory, and judgment in both the Alzheimer's and obesity groups. While cognitive tests taken by obese participants, defined as having a body mass index of 30 or higher, did not show evident mental deficits, the researchers acknowledged that these tests might not capture subtle changes in thinking abilities related to brain alterations.
According to scientific evidence, drinking apple cider vinegar does not have a significant impact on curbing appetite or aiding in weight loss. It is important to consider that making a single change in our routine, such as consuming apple cider vinegar, is not as effective in shedding excess pounds as making broader efforts like modifying our overall diet and increasing physical activity.
Additionally, apple cider vinegar's high acidity level makes it less suitable for consumption before bedtime. Individuals who are prone to heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should avoid consuming anything acidic at least 30 to 60 minutes before sleep to minimize the chances of experiencing uncomfortable chest burning. Moreover, drinking undiluted vinegar over time can potentially damage tooth enamel.
For those who still wish to consume apple cider vinegar, it is safer and more comfortable to mix a small amount with a large glass of water or incorporate it into salad dressings along with other ingredients.
This research is still being watched.
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